Visual novel jam

A VN Jam, or a Visual Novel Jam, is a type of game jam, an event in which participants try to make a game from scratch within a limited duration of time. VN Jams are game jams that exclusively focus on visual novels or visual novel-like games.

Duration

Visual novel jams are commonly one to two months long events with exceptions that may last for shorter or longer periods of time (e.g., O2A2). Many VN jams start as one-offs, but upon success often convert to annual events. Occasionally jams may also come back after a break of some years based on renewed interest, or a new group of hosts.

Participating

Why participate

Originally, VN jams were primarily designed to enable people to start and finish a small VN. However as many jams have grown in popularity, and many also allow partial works like demos, as well as submission to multiple jams at the same time, the reasons for joining a jam have expanded. People joining jams can thus have a variety of motivations, such as:

• starting and finishing a self-contained work
• jumpstarting development on a larger work (e.g. creating a demo)
• team-building exercise for a group looking to get to know each other before committing to a long term collaboration
• trying or challenging oneself in a new genre or VN type

How to join

Jams usually don't require any formal statement of participation. Though it's often encouraged to join a jam (i.e. click the "join jam" button as a logged in user) on platforms like itch.io before the submission period, it is also possible to join the jam while the submission period is open. At the very latest this needs to be done before the actual submission, as it is not possible to submit a VN to a jam without joining it first.

Submission period

When talking about jams hosted on itch.io, the jam's duration is effectively the jam's "submission period", which is the window of time during which people can submit their works to the jam page. This is signified by a countdown until submissions are open (before the jam), and another countdown until submissions close (while the jam is ongoing).

Time zones

Centralized jam platforms use one specific time zone (that of the jam host) and recalculate deadlines for other participants around the world. This will lead to jams starting a few hours "earlier" or "later" (occasionally giving the false impression that the jam is starting a day off) depending on the time zone, however on the other end those time zones will have their deadline be adjusted to compensate for this effect, leading to an equal amount of hours for each time zone.

Common Rules

One of the main selling points of jams is their limited time and often artistic or other constraints within which the participants must operate. Rules are therefore one of the key elements of jams, and their specifics will differ significantly from jam to jam.

Pre-Jam

In case VN jams do not specify that participants can submit previously worked on projects (e.g., Winter VN Jam) and the jams request creating a VN from scratch, there are a few activities that most jams will allow:

• Team recruitment
• Story outlines
• Character sketches
• Searching for readily available or Creative Commons assets
• Project planning

Often the formula used to describe these general restriction is that "no work which directly leads to the the creation of final assets is allowed".

Themes

Visual novel jams are not necessarily themed. Some jams such as NaNoRenO do not restrict participant game topics. Others such as Spooktober VN Jam maintain rules on allowable content and topics (in the case of this example, "spooky or Halloween themed"). Check the specific jam's rules to double check on genres, themes, rules on adult content, and other potential restrictions.

Themes can be varied, and often are based on categories like:

• Genre (horror, romance...), e.g. Valentine's VN Jam, Spooktober VN Jam
• Mood / Visuals (seasonal, areas of interest...), e.g. WinterJam, Shoot for the Stars Jam
• Characters (identity, representation...), e.g. AceJam, AroJam
• Relationship (FxF, friendship...), e.g. YuriJam, OtomeJam
• Technical restriction (assets, engines...), e.g. TyranoJam, O2A2

Engines

Main article: Visual novel engine

Engine choice (e.g., Ren'Py, NaniNovel) is typically not restricted in visual novel jams. Check the specific jam's rules to double check.

Submitting to multiple jams

As rules for VN jams have been extended, they can often allow for one game to be present in multiple jams. This practice is generally accepted, and doesn't go against etiquette. Many jams explicitly allow or invite VNs not to be exclusive to their original jam. Statistics of jam entries will have this fact as one of their caveats, as two different jams may share a portion of submissions. Main forms of multiple submissions are:

Cross-submitting

Most jams allow works made for them to also be submitted to other jams. If there are parallel jams and a work fits both criteria, it can be submitted to both. Usually a work will be done for a restrictive jam (such as O2A2), and as such will also fit criteria for other parallel jams (such as SuNoFes or YuriJam, or both).

Iterative submitting

From a time perspective, subsequent development stages can be occasionally eligible for submissions in different jams that don't happen in parallel. An early demo can also qualify for one jam (e.g. NaNoRenO), an extended demo that adds romance options qualifies for another (e.g. OtomeJam), an early version of the full game qualifies for another one (e.g. SuNoFes), and the final version with extra routes due to its theme can be submitted to yet another one (e.g. WinterJam).

Individual Jams

List of VN Jams

Main article: List of VN jams

Overview of all relevant VN jams, organized by month.

Significant VN Jams

Simplified overview of 10 jams whose events have produced most amounts of entries. For details and exceptions check individual jam pages.

Jam	Description	Game Types	Duration	Partial Completion	Prior Work	NSFW	Theme / Restriction	Most Entries
NaNoRenO	longest running VN jam, currently hosted by sakevisual, held annually between March and April.	VN	1 month	allowed	not allowed	allowed	---	185 (2022)
Spooktober VN Jam	judged VN jam competition hosted by DevTalk, held annually in September in preparation for October	VN	1 month	allowed	not allowed	not allowed	spooky, horror, Halloween	112 (2021)
O2A2 VN Jam	minimalist jam with restrictions on resources (use only one of any asset).	VN	1 week	not allowed	not allowed	allowed	---	96 (2021)
Winter VN Jam	low-pressure jam with a broad theme of winter, the cold, and snow.	VN	1 month	allowed	allowed	not allowed	winter, cold	77 (2021)
SuNoFes	low-pressure jam hosted by Alte, held annually in the summer	VN and narrative	2 months	allowed	not allowed	not allowed	---	69 (2021)
Yuri Game Jam	jam emphasizing relationships between women	any game	2 months	allowed	allowed	allowed	yuri, FxF	66 (2017)
Valentine's Jam	love-themed visual novel jam	VN	1 month	allowed	allowed	allowed	romance, Valentine's	51 (2021)
TyranoJam	engine-restricted jam with themes, inactive since 2018	VN	1-3 months	not allowed	not allowed	not allowed	TyranoBuilder engine	44 (2017)
Yaoi Game Jam	jam focused on M/M relationships for a female audience	any game	2 months	allowed	not allowed	allowed	yaoi, MxM	36 (2020)
Otome Jam	jam focusing on romantic games with a female protagonist	any game	2 months	allowed	allowed	allowed	otome, FxM	28 (2021)

Help with VN Jams

Jam hubs

A built-in space for exchange of information and communication is usually given by default at the site where the jam is officially at home, for almost all jams this will be their respective itch.io site. There will be some form of "community" tab or section where questions can be posed and other participants or jam hosts can reply. Additionally, many jams create other, more immediate hubs like their own Discord server, or a special channel in an existing server. For very large jams there may be multiple such places, depending on how centralized the jam is.

It is often common for platforms that allow user names to be changed for the jam hosts to identify themselves as such (e.g. John Smith, XYZ Jam Host), to ease communication.

Accompanying events

For larger jams VN communities may decide to organize various activities to support participants of jams. These can range from outline workshops, resource collecting sprints, to live sessions facilitating team creation.

The DevTalk server typically hosts one or two "Jam Meet & Greet" sessions for jams it officially supports.

Main article: Jam Meet & Greet

VN Jam resources

General VN creation resources

As time and resources are constrained during jams, freely available or pre-made resources such as VN assets (backgrounds, sprites, music) are in high demand by participants, and sites organizing or collecting VN resources are a key support element.

Main article: List of VN creation resources

Jam Guides

Due to the popularity of jams, ideas, tips, or useful articles pertaining specifically to VN Jams have been created. These usually come in form of "how tos", or specific approaches on jam participation. Common themes include:

• proper planning (including margins)
• adjusting on the fly (e.g. cutting content)
• smart use of resources,
• pacing oneself
• prioritizing finishing over perfection

Below are specific case studies or full guides designed to give insight and support with jam participation or some of its aspects, usually authored by single individuals.

Name	Author	Year / Update	Description	Link
How to survive NaNoRenO	Vimi	2022	video showing two teams with different planning approaches and what happens when disrupting events occur	Link
Enamored Risks Postmortem	Arimia	2020	article detailing the planning, coordination, production and promotion of a NaNoRenO VN	Link
The last-minute VN	mikey	2015	article on how to create a very short VN by focusing on location first, and characters last	Link

Statistics

Statistics gathered from jams have multiple caveats, such as one VN submitted to multiple jams, not all team members formally joining the jam, various sizes of resulting VNs, varied parameters of jams, and more. The two simplest statistics are the number of entries and number of participants, which can be determined directly from the jam pages (on itch.io).

Some of these issues are described in more detail in a 2021 article by mikey called What VN statistics tell us.

Most entries in a single jam

Rank	Count	Jam
1	185	NaNoRenO 2022
2	112	Spooktober 2021
3	105	NaNoRenO 2020
4	96	O2A2 2021
5	88	NaNoRenO 2019
5	88	NaNoRenO 2021
7	77	WinterJam 2021
8	75	NaNoRenO 2016
9	71	NaNoRenO 2018
10	69	SuNoFes 2021
11	68	NaNoRenO 2017
12	66	YuriJam 2017
13	62	SuNoFes 2020
14	56	YuriJam 2016
15	55	YuriJam 2018
16	51	Valentine's Jam 2021
17	44	TyranoJam 2017
17	44	Spooktober 2020
19	37	YuriJam 2019
20	36	YaoiJam 2020

Most participants in a single jam

Rank	Count	Jam
1	***	SuNoFes 2022 (ongoing)
2	891	NaNoRen0 2022
3	678	SuNoFes 2021
4	535	Spooktober 2021
5	465	WinterJam 2021
6	450	NaNoRenO 2020
7	439	NaNoRenO 2017
8	394	NaNoRenO 2021
9	368	SuNoFes 2020
10	330	NaNoRenO 2019
11	325	YuriJam 2017
12	320	TyranoJam 2017
13	***	YaoiJam 2022 (ongoing)
14	259	Valentines Jam 2021
14	259	YaoiJam 2021
16	251	YuriJam 2018
17	235	NaNoRenO 2019
18	***	OtomeJam 2022 (ongoing)
19	196	SuNoFes 2017
20	189	YaoiJam 2020

Cumulative VNs per jam (2021)

Rank	Count	Jam
1	651	NaNoRenO
2	306	YuriJam
3	183	SuNoFes
4	171	Spooktober
5	135	YaoiJam
6	116	O2A2
7	100	WinterJam
8	94	TyranoJam
9	47	NonbinaryJam
10	41	Otome Jam

Most participants per year

Year	1st	2nd	3rd
2022	SuNoFes (***)	NaNoRenO (891)	YaoiJam (***)
2021	SuNoFes (678)	Spooktober (535)	WinterJam (465)
2020	NaNoRenO (450)	SuNoFes (368)	YaoiJam (198)
2019	NaNoRenO (330)	YuriJam (177)	YaoiJam (84)
2018	YuriJam (251)	NaNoRenO (235)	YaoiJam (123)
2017	NaNoRenO (439)	YuriJam (325)	TyranoJam (320)
2016	NaNoRenO (178)	YuriJam (166)	YaoiJam (105)
2015	YuriJam (103)	TyranoJam (41)	NaNoRenO (39)

Most entries per year

Year	1st	2nd	3rd
2022	NaNoRenO (185)	OtomeJam (**)	YandereJam (21)
2021	Spooktober (112)	O2A2 (96)	NaNoRenO (88)
2020	NaNoRenO (105)	SuNoFes (62)	Spooktober (44)
2019	NaNoRenO (88)	YuriJam (37)	BarJam (19)
2018	NaNoRenO (71)	YuriJam (55)	Ren'Py Jam (27)
2017	NaNoRenO (68)	YuriJam (66)	TyranoJam (44)
2016	NaNoRenO (75)	YuriJam (56)	YaoiJam (19)
2015	NaNoRenO (34)	YuriJam (33)	TyranoJam (33)